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Any working scientist will have experienced the thrill of hearing exciting new findings reported at a conference where results do not need to be wrapped between the covers of a particular journal for their significance to be appreciated. All it takes is for people to gather together in the coffee break and talk. Journals, publishers and scientific societies should standardize, streamline and publicize these processes.
Global distribution of the smallpox vaccine, for example, has led to the eradication of a disease that once infected 50 million people a year. Much of the focus of the meeting organizers was on getting people who attended the meeting to sign on to a series of documents expressing various types of commitment to promoting pre-prints in biomedicine . People come to meetings, they sign a document saying they do all sorts of great stuff, and then they forget about it.
The impact factor might have started out as a good idea, but its time has come and gone. Journals that acknowledged invalidating errors were reluctant to issue retractions. In one case, we and others found that a paper had mistakenly argued that a statistical adjustment introduced bias, and we submitted a letter to the editor 5 Basic Steps on How To Import through the journal’s submission system2. An external statistical review subsequently commissioned by the journal confirmed the error. The authors were asked to retract the article, but they refused. The journal ultimately posted the authors’ response to our letter and a summary of commissioned reviewers’ criticism.
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The brand has been taking conscious efforts towards addressing its key requirement of the customer – high maintenance costs,” Steffen Knapp, Director, Volkswagen Passenger Cars said. If no inclusion criteria were evaluated as being met and/or any exclusion criteria were met, the initiative was removed from the mapping. But, for the millions of people who die each year from diseases neglected by the current medicine system, the tragedy is not the least bit theoretical. This argument for medicine enclosure presents two important ironies. In economic terms, this presents the classic “free rider” problem.
With every atom of your being, with all the thought and feeling your body could hold. Isn’t it enough that the cerebral hemorrhage brought him a living death? A sweet revenge that he has spent the last ten years in a wheelchair, not walking or talking, depending on a nurse to eat, lie down, dress, undress, trim his nails, shave, urinate, defecate?
Trujillo ruled the Dominican Rebuplic with an iron grip from the early 1930s to the early 1960s. He was adept at understanding the motivations of his subordinates as well as their potentialities. His inner circle and society more widely appeared held in his spell. You wouldn’t have come back if the rancor were still sizzling, the wound still bleeding, the deception still crushing her, poisoning her, the way it did in your youth, when studying and working became an obsessive defense against remembering.
Essentially, in my experience, the only reply we ever got from publishers to our different approaches to reform our infrastructure, has been one big raised middle finger. Clearly, two decades of negotiations, talks and diplomacy have led us nowhere. Publishers have opted to remain outside of the scholarly community and work against it, rather than with it. Actions of civil disobedience like those of Aaron Swartz and Alexandra Elbakyan are a logical consequence of two decades of stalled negotiations and failed reform efforts. In the wake of evidence that many research findings are not reproducible1, the scientific community has launched initiatives to increase data sharing, transparency and open critique. As with any new development, there are unintended consequences.
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We suspect that explicit discussion of what data are and are not available as part of the original publication process might have averted some of the ongoing controversy surrounding the PACE clinical trial, a UK study on chronic fatigue syndrome. The issue involves requests for data by transparency advocates, and the refusal by researchers and institutions to release data citing patient confidentiality, limited consent and requestors’ intent. In 1958 he earned a scholarship to study in Madrid, and later he lived in Paris. His first story collection, The Cubs and Other Stories, was published in 1959.
In 1996, Death in the Andes, Vargas Llosa’s next novel, was published to wide acclaim. The Way to Paradise, a novel, was published in November 2003; The Bad Girl, a novel, was published in the U.S. by FSG in October, 2007. His most recent novel, El Sueño del Celta, will be published in 2011 or 2012.
Mario Vargas Llosa eloquently explores the effects of power and violence on the lives of both the oppressors and those they victimized. We find SWIFT code on BANCO INTERACCIONES bank statement.SWIFT code is also found on the BANCO INTERACCIONES bank website and you can also find SWIFT code on ifsccodeofbank.in by a simply select country,bank,city, and branch. Volkswagen has admitted that the 2-liter diesels were programmed to turn on emissions controls during government lab tests and turn them off while on the road. Lawyers are still working on settlements for another 80,000 vehicles with 3-liter diesel engines.
But we have to start somewhere, and if people who have nothing to lose won’t lead the way, then it will never happen. There’s tons more hard work to do, but let’s not miss this opportunity. This is a pretty cynical policy.Cellclearly wants to get credit for being down with pre-prints without actually sanctioning them.
Many measures that can improve science2 — shared data, post-publication peer review and public engagement on social media — can be turned against scientists. One of the things that I think a lot of people coming to the meeting didn’t realize is that many journals are perfectly fine with people posting pre-prints of articles that are being considered by the journal. Others, likeEMBO,PNAS,Science and allNature journals unambiguously allow pre-print posting. On the flip side, journals from the American Chemical Society and some other publishers will not accept papers if they were posted as pre-prints. However, I wouldn’t have kept at this for almost half my life it I wasn’t an eternal optimist, and I went into the meeting hoping, if not believing, that this time might be different.
Make journals report clinical trials properly
If you include journal impact factors in the list of publications in your cv, you are statistically illiterate. Vanclay’s paper is a worthy addition to the critical literature on the impact factor. Its defects and perverse effects are well known and have been dissected by David Colquhoun, Michael Eisen and Peter Lawrence, among others. Even Philip Campbell, editor-in-chief of Nature, which has one of the highest impact factors in the business, has recognised that we need to escape its dispiriting hold over the lives of researchers. I can actually remember the first time I realised that the JIF was a spurious metric. This was in 2003, after reading a letter to Nature from David Colquhoun who plotted out the distribution of citations to a sample of papers in Nature.
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- None of the products under discussion are still on sale and haven’t been for a couple of years now.
- Second, the viewpoint of the assassins of Trujillo, waiting patiently in a car for the Goat to appear, to shoot him down.
- Their solution was the temporary patent monopoly, which is lucrative enough to incentivize medical research.
- This stage will require open collaboration to figure out the lessons learned from these different initiatives, what works and what does not, and why.
Yet when it comes to inducing innovation for essential medicines, it turns out that the evil of monopoly patents isn’t at all necessary. If you see someone else using impact factors and make no attempt at correction, you connive at statistical illiteracy. I am well aware of the risks involved, particularly to young researchers trying to forge a career in a culture that is so inured to the impact factor.
Twenty years on from Seglen’s analysis a new paper by Jerome Vanclay from Southern Cross University in Australia has reiterated the statistical ineptitude of using arithmetic means to rank journals and highlighted other problems with the impact factor calculation. Vanclay points out that it fails to take https://1investing.in/ proper account of data entry errors in the titles or dates of papers, or of the deficient and opaque sampling methods used by Thomson Reuters in its calculation. But the real problem started when impact factors began to be applied to papers and to people, a development that Garfield never anticipated.
Use formal expressions of concern as an alert that work is under scrutiny — rather than for condemnation. Journals and publishers Require raw data and analysis code to be made available during review. State clearly who readers should contact and train editors to navigate protocols. Waive publication fees and paywalls for expressions of concern and retractions. While many of the consequences of wasting these infrastructure funds on publishers have become apparent only more recently, the indefensibility of ever-increasing subscription pricing in a time of record-low publishing costs, was already apparent 20 years ago.
One publisher states that it will charge the author who initiates withdrawal of a published paper US$10,000. Given that contemporary conversations are mainly conducted by e-mail, broad-ranging FOI laws risk being tantamount to permanent wiretaps in academics’ offices. We fear that without the guarantee of privacy during e-mail conversations, self-censorship will have chilling effects on academic freedom and incisive discussion.
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None of the products under discussion are still on sale and haven’t been for a couple of years now. Whatever market opportunity either party had, either Apple or Samsung, is dead and gone now. But we’re still trying to decide over who should have that market opportunity? In the end I don’t really care why things seem to have changed.
After all, the land-enclosure movement triggered plenty of passionate protests, but the enclosure proceeded without significant interruption. For the resistance to medicine enclosure to see better results, it needs to make clear the life-and-death nature of the struggle, and highlight the injustice inherent in the collective contribution to private profits. The origins of modern intellectual property law can be traced back to the occasional awards of exclusive rights to artists in ancient Persia and Greece.
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Vargas Llosa’s reputation grew with the publication in 1963 of The Time of the Hero, a controversial novel about the politics of his country. He continued to live abroad until 1980, returning to Lima just before the restoration of democratic rule. Standard Digital includes access to a wealth of global news, analysis and expert opinion. Premium Digital includes access to our premier business column, Lex, as well as 15 curated newsletters covering key business themes with original, in-depth reporting. For a full comparison of Standard and Premium Digital, click here.
Just because Sci-Hub isn’t a panacea and solves all our problems for us so we can all go back and do actual science, doesn’t mean that the overall effort is any less heroic or impressive. I will write more elsewhere about these issues and how I think we should try to address them. We have to remember that for every bigshot who opposes pre-prints because they want to preserve their ability to publish inCell, there are hundreds of scientists who just want to preserve their ability to do science.